In clinical practice, cases of metastatic thyroid disease are infrequent, and the symptoms of this disease are nonspecific, which can lead to errors in diagnosis. One of the most common secondary malignant neoplasms of the thyroid gland is renal cell carcinoma. Over the past few decades, fine needle aspiration biopsy has been considered as the main method of differential diagnosis of thyroid lesions, which determines the further tactics of patient management. Verification of a metastatic thyroid lesion can be a difficult task for a cytologist, especially if the time interval from the moment of detection of the primary lesion is quite long. This article presents cases of cytological diagnosis of metastatic thyroid lesions from patients with renal cell carcinoma.
Vulvar malignant melanoma is a rare disease and poses a serious problem for women's health. This pathology is characterized by a high degree of malignancy and an unfavorable prognosis. The article presents a clinical observation demonstrating the possibilities of cytological examination to detect vulvar melanoma in a 67-year-old patient.
Melanoma is one of the most difficult skin tumours to diagnose cytologically and histologically. The accuracy of the examination results in the diagnostic process with cutaneous melanoma depends on strict compliance with the technological procedures of the pre-analytical extra-laboratory stage – adequacy of the obtained material; pre-analytical laboratory stage – correct sample preparation and quality staining of biopsy and surgical material; analytical laboratory stage – expertise of the pathologist in dermatopathology; post-analytical stage – selection of the necessary further diagnostic tactics, namely, the implementation of ancillary procedures; and the use of auxiliary procedures. The key role is given to interdisciplinary interaction between cytologists and pathologists in verification of melanoma diagnosis.
Abstract. Currently, the diagnosis ‘normozoospermia’ independently and in combination with ‘viscosipathy’ does not exclude male infertility and stopping further examination of patient. Moreover, these semiological diagnoses seem to be the most important diagnostic criteria for determining the cause of a significant number of idiopathic infertility in couples who had unsuccessful attempt to conceive from 12 months or more. These clinical cases demonstrate the importance of combine approach to basic semen examination made it much more extended by ancillary technique e.g. sperm sediment cytology (SSC), fragmentation of sperm DNA (DFS) and of level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) estimation.
A case of ovalocytosis of peripheral blood erythrocytes in a patient with normal peripheral blood parameters according to data from a 5-diff hematology analyzer is presented. The interest of the clinical case for attending physicians and specialists of clinical diagnostic laboratories is due to significant discrepancies between the results of clinical blood analysis according to automated and non-automated assessment. Changes in morphology of erythrocytes were detected in the stained blood smear, which were not accompanied by changes in erythrocyte indices (MСV, МСН, RDW) or the appearance of signal flags on hematological analyzers.
This clinical report presents inconsistency of diagnosis “idiopathic male infertility”. For the extended examination, basic semen examination, MAR-test, ultrasound of scrotum, hormonal examination, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of pituitary gland, TRUSE (transrectal ultrasound examination) of prostate gland, as well as a MANA/PCR-RT (method of amplification of nucleic acids with polymerase chain reaction in real time) with Androflor test have been implemented to exclude bacteriospermia. According to current diagnosis, treatment with combination of non-antibacterial drugs was prescribed. This approach was applicated to decrease the total bacterial mass. According to recommendations of professional association [1] a three-stage examination was applied which was resulted with etiological factor of male infertility.
Treating of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a relevant, complicated medical and social problems of modern oncology. Untimely appointment to doctor causes detection of late stages of disease. This clinical case presents an effectiveness of perspective combined treatment of inoperable malignant neoplasms of head and neck based on the technique of transarterial chemoembolization.
Diagnostic accuracy of result analysis which obtained by any laboratory method depends on the mandatory compliance of out-of-laboratory preanalytical stage including sampling materials for examination. Current clinical report demonstrated step-by-step decision-making algorithm in tandem “urologist-doctor of clinical laboratory diagnostics” on the way to examining a patient with MAGI. The crucial role of sperm sediment cytology (SSC) as an urgent method in the diagnosis of MAGI is shown. Furthermore, this the first time we ever used the laboratory diagnostic approach of prostate gland sediment secretion examination by nucleic acid amplification technique with polymerase chain reaction in real time with Androflor-NCMT test (Neisseria gonorrhoeae/Chlamydia trachomatis/Mycoplasma genitalium/Trichomonas vaginalis) (MANC-PCR-RV/Androflor-NCMT), which showed expected report.
Meningoangiomatosis is a rare benign lesion characterized by proliferation of blood vessels and meningothelial cells, often fusiform, which is sometimes accompanied by cortical dysplasia. Proliferation of vascular cells, pronounced cellularity and reactive gliosis may be misdiagnosed by a pathologist as invasive angiomatous meninigioma, which may lead to the postoperative radiation therapy. Immunohistochemical examination can help in the differentiation and exclusion of other diseases, such as meningioma and schwannoma. There are certain histopathological and clinical features of angiomatous meningioma, i.e. meningiomas whose vascular component exceeds 50 % of the total tumor area. Accurate differential diagnosis of meningoangiomatosis and angiomatous meningioma is important, since the correct recognition of pathology will not lead to overly aggressive postoperative treatment, as radiation therapy or chemotherapeutic treatment as in the case of meningioma.
COVID-19 infection can cause various pathological processes in the eyes [1]. Changes in the vascular membrane of the eye can not always be differentiated without mistakes from malignance. The miss-diagnostics of choroidal melanoma can lead to incorrect and aggressive treatment [2]. The clinical report shows the absence of positive dynamics in choroiditis in a patient in the COVID-19 convalescence which allowed the suspicion a tumor. The result of cytological examination indicated a neoplasm of melanocytic in origin which was an indication for enucleation. In the laboratory settings the role of cytological examination is very important for diagnostic of choroidal melanoma. Such approach together with histological examination presents as best diagnostics pathway of choroidal melanoma. Key words: cytology, ocular melanoma, choroidal melanoma.
