The conducted study revealed a critical shortage of qualified pharmaceutical personnel in drug manufacturing. Analysis of current enrollment and graduation rates in Pharmacy programs enabled the development of two workforce projection scenarios through 2030. Under the conservative scenario (assuming 20 % of graduates enter production), the number of professionals with higher pharmaceutical education is projected to decrease by 5% (680 individuals) compared to 2022 levels. The baseline scenario (35 % employment in production) predicts a 17 % increase (2,590 professionals), yet this growth remains insufficient to address both the current deficit of 3,000 specialists and the additional requirement of 4,500 personnel needed to achieve the Pharma-2030 Strategy targets. The study methodology contained several limitations: unaccounted migration patterns, evolving labor conditions, and insufficient statistical data on workforce attrition rates. To compensate for the latter, extrapolated medical sector data were employed with adjustments for the pharmaceutical workforce's age demographics. To address these challenges, we propose a comprehensive intervention package requiring coordinated implementation across educational institutions, pharmaceutical manufacturers, and regulatory bodies. This multi-stakeholder approach outlines a strategic roadmap to ensure adequate workforce supply and successful attainment of the Pharma-2030 objectives.
Objective. To study the microbiological profile of pathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTI) in children in Perm and to characterize the sensitivity of isolated urocultures to antibacterial drugs used in pediatric practice. Materials and methods. The material for the study were strains of uropathogenic microorganisms isolated from the urine of patients of the city children's nephrology department. Urocultures were isolated by the sector sowing method, the EUCAST disk diffusion method was used to assess antibiotic sensitivity. Statistical processing was performed in the Microsoft® Excel application. The results. The structure of isolated uropathogens was dominated by E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis, St. Epidermidis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia. When analyzing the sensitivity of the isolated strains to antibacterial drugs, it was found that most representatives of gram-negative microflora were sensitive to second- and third-generation cephalosporins, and the sensitivity of E. coli urocultures to amoxiclav remains. Conclusion. Studies have shown that in the structure of pathogens of UTI in children, there is an increase in the proportion of gram-positive microorganisms, which reflects global trends associated with the formation of antibiotic-resistant, hospital strains circulating in the child population against the background of changes in population immunity.
Relevance. During the regeneration of a skin wound there is a changing an inflammation phases and chemical content, as a result, a pH shift. Study of dependence the stage of the wound process from pH of the wound bed is increasable important for medication strategy by drags which changing pH and accelerate the healing of a skin wound. Materials and methods. The experiment was performed by modeling a purulent wound in 36 animals – a Wistar rat. Further, on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th, 10th and 15th days of the experiment, the pH of the wounds was determined and autopsy material was collected for subsequent histological examination. The obtained sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, a descriptive assessment of the wound defect was performed, as well as the calculation of cellular components. Results. The wound bed was filled with purulent necrotic masses on the 3rd day of the experiment, while the cellular composition was mainly represented by granulocytes and macrophages. At the same time, the pH measurement has been determined the value of 7.64 (7.48; 7.81), cellular index (CI) 0.4 (0.36; 0.43). From the 8th day of the experiment a morphometric study has been showed the spontaneous healing of a purulent wound with changing an exudative phase to proliferative one. That point has been confirmed the CI 1.3 (1.25; 1.41) witch pH acidification to 7.39 (7.20;7.76). Conclusion. According to the study, when the pH value decreases, it leads to an increase in the number of fibroblastic cells and has a beneficial effect on the course of the wound process.
This study presents the results of evaluation of the intensity and prevalence rate of dental hard tissue diseases, periodontal pathology, parotid glands secretory activity in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as Sjogren’s disease (SD) and Sjogren’s syndrome (SS). The aim is the evaluation of intensity and prevalence rate of dental hard tissue diseases and inflammatory periodontal diseases according to the parotid glands secretory activity in patients with SD and SS. Materials and methods. A comprehensive clinical and dental examination of 85 patients with SD, 139 with SS was performed (rheumatoid arthritis (RA) + SS – 49; systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) + SS – 52; systemic scleroderma (SSD) + SS – 38). Patients underwent in comprehensive dental examination, which included the complaints collection, medical history, assessment of conditions of dental hard and periodontal tissues. The functional ability of the parotid glands was evaluated by M. V. Simonova’s method. Results. As a result of the clinical examination, the highest caries rates, ranging from 3 to several tooth surfaces (K.02) was revealed, which typically for patients with SD and SS, cervical caries was suffered to a greater extent by patients with SD (85.0 %). With SD, they were most often observed: increased abrasion of mixed-type tooth enamel, enamel chips and wedge-shaped defects in 20.0 %, 18.8 % and 7.1 % of cases. In patients with SSH (RA + SSH, SLE + SSH, SSD + SSH), increased abrasion of mixed-type tooth enamel was detected in 18.4 %, 16.0 %, 10.8 %, enamel chips – 6.1 %, 14.0 %, 5.4 %, the presence of wedge–shaped defects – 4.0 %, 4.1 %, 0 %, respectively. A low level of hygiene was noted in all the examined groups, but a high percentage was observed in 37 (97.4 %) patients with SSD + CS and 61 (71.8 %) and in patients with BS. The main form of periodontal pathology is chronic periodontitis of moderate severity, the index (PI) for SD is 1.3 [1.2; 1.5], SH is 1.3 [0.9; 2.0]. When comparing the results of the functional state of the parotid glands by sialometry, a significant quantitative difference was noted between the groups with SD 1.3 [0.5; 2.1] ml and SS + immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IIRD) 2.0 [0.9; 3.5] ml, SS + SLE 2.4 [1.7; 4.0] ml. Conclusion. As a result of a comprehensive oral examination in patients with SD and SS + IIRD, a high prevalence and intensity of caries and non-caries, affected dental hard tissues, and inflammatory periodontal diseases were revealed. The level of dental care for patients with SD and SS + IIRD remains limited. Comparing groups of patients with SD and SS + IIRD, we revealed significant differences in the secretory activity of parotid glands, the presence of rapidly progressive multiple, cervical and circular caries, as well as defects of enamel including chipped tooth enamel and dental erosions in patients with SD in contrast to patients with SS + IIRD.
Introduction: Numerous studies have proven that Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common disease condition that has been the focus of attention in the global medical community due to its prevalence and the unsatisfactory treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study is to compare the microbiota of prostate secretions (PSM) between patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) and chronic abacterial prostatitis (CAP) of category IIIa. Material and methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted at the SM Clinic Medical Center in Moscow from 2018 to 2023. 159 male patients with prostatitis-like symptoms aged 25 to 50 were selected. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 included patients with CBP (n = 38) and group 2 included patients with category IIIa CAP with clinical manifestations of chronic prostatitis (n = 121). The study of PSM microbiota was performed using the method of nucleic acid amplification (MANC) with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using the Androflor test (MANC-PCR-RT/Androflor), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using the method of microbial mass spectrometry (MSMM). Results: A comparative analysis of the absolute indices of PSM microbiota based on MSMM data revealed that patients with CBP had a higher level of coccal and bacillary microbiota, as well as enterobacteria (of transient flora), along with the low level of anaerobic and resident microorganisms compared to a great number of patients with CAP stage IIIa (p < 0.05). A comparative analysis of relative indices of PSM microbiota based on MSMM data showed that patients with CBP had higher levels of coccal microbiota and gram (–) bacillus (of transient flora and normally not found in healthy individuals), as well as significantly lower levels (p < 0.05) of anaerobic and resident microorganism compared to patients in the CAP category IIIa group. Conclusion: The study found that patients with CAP had a higher microbial load of anaerobic and resident microorganisms. The patients with CBP had an increase in the levels of the most pathogenic forms of microorganisms, including transient and enterobacterial species.
Abstract Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic progressive disease that leads to the development of bronchial obstruction and chronic inflammation in the respiratory tract. COPD is a risk factor for the development of lung cancer (LC) regardless of smoking and has similar pathogenetic mechanisms with lung tumor. It is important to identify the signs specific to patients with COPD, which help to distinguish the non-tumor process from LC. The purpose of the study. To identify clinical, anamnestic, and laboratory-instrumental signs in patients with COPD and determine their dependence on the GOLD stage. Materials and methods. A retrospective assessment of the clinical and anamnestic data and the results of laboratory and instrumental studies was carried out in 128 patients with COPD hospitalized at the S.S. Yudin’s Clinical Hospital for 2019 – 2023. For statistical processing, the following were used: the Mann-Whitney U-test, the Kraskel-Wallis criterion, the Dunn criterion with the Hill correction, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the ROC curve analysis method, the Euden index, the Pearson and Spearman correlation matrix method using a modified Chaddock table. Results and discussion. In the group of patients with COPD, the most frequently observed clinical signs were established (shortness of breath at rest and with minimal physical exertion, cough with scant sputum), auscultative listened to changes in data (wheezing of various characteristics), radiological manifestations (emphysema; hydrothorax, more characteristic in the progression of the disease and more often established in patients at stages III-IV GOLD, changes in laboratory parameters (decrease in the concentration of LDH, total and indirect bilirubin in blood serum during the progression). In addition, a whole list of laboratory parameters has been identified, the concentration of which in biological fluids is statistically interdependent in the cohort. Conclusion. In our study, clinical, anamnestic, and laboratory-instrumental signs characteristic of patients with COPD at various GOLD stages have been established. If signs are found that are not typical for patients with COPD, the clinician will need to conduct a differential diagnostic search, primarily to identify the tumor process.
Relevance. The risk of developing severe stage of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women is quite high. The study of apoptosis and hypoxia in placenta which have a fundamental impact on functioning of this organ in COVID-19 and lung lesion of varying severity is important for the justification of obstetric tactics. The aim of the study was to determine the expression level of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1?) in placentas of women with COVID-19 and critical lung lesion in a comparative aspect. Material and methods. The expression level of AIF and HIF-1? in placentas of women with COVID-19 was studied. The 1-st group consisted of placentas of 25 women with COVID-19 and critical lung lesion (CLL) (more than 75 %, CT-4) after preterm labor induced by the severity of the mother's condition, and in every third case in combination with fetal distress; the 2-nd group consisted of placentas of 25 patients with COVID-19 and lung lesion of 25 – 50% (CT-2) after spontaneous preterm labor at the stage of clinical recovery after COVID-19. Results. The median area of immunopositive structures with respect to AIF was statistically significantly higher in placentas of group 2 and amounted to 66.38 (60.79; 74.51) % vs. 56.11 (28.04; 63.18) % (p = 0.000). The median area of immunopositive structures against HIF-1? was 17.80 (13.33; 27.33) % and 33.01 (27.63; 35.99) % respectively groups (p = 0.000). Conclusion. In patients with COVID-19 and CLL, AIF expression level was statistically significantly higher than the same parameter in placentas of women with COVID-19 and 25 – 50% lung lesion (CT-2) (p = 0.000), which may indicate the energy deficit of cyto- and syncytiotrophoblast cells due to the severity of the condition of women with CLL. On the contrary, the level of HIF-1? expression in the placenta structures of group 1 women was statistically significantly lower than in the placentas of group 2 patients (p = 0.000), which may be due to the delivery of COVID-19 and CLL patients before the development of severe hypoxic damage in the placentas.
Aim. To analyze the informativeness of combined human semen analysis using a basic semen examination & SSC on the way to clarify the causes of reproductive dysfunction. Materials and methods. We examined 529 samples of semen sediment from men aged 18 – 59 years with infertility and male accessory gland infection (MAGI) between 2019 and 2022. Study was conducted in combination of two laboratory methods like ROSE (rapid onesite examination) which one of them is 1 – 'basic semen examination' and second one is 2 – 'SSC' (‘Basic semen examination+SSC’-ROSE). Results. 15.13 % of all of patients presented normozoospermia, 1.25 % of them have SSC-markers like bacteriospermia (SSC-mB ?+?). Outcomes of SSC-reports clarify that 84.69 % of all men have the diagnostic significant SSC-findingsand different combination of it; 69.75 % of them were SSC-mB ?+?. ‘Normozoospermia’ and ‘SSC-mB’ are associated, thus, the frequency of SSC-mB in the presence of normozoospermia is recorded as follows. Conclusion. The combined approach ‘Basic semen examination+SSC’-ROSE, allows the doctors to exclude a missing in the laboratory algorithm for check-up in male with impaired reproductive function and identifying the causes of idiopathic infertility, the causes of which were mainly positioned as unspecified.
Objectives was to measure the level and to identify the structure of SARS-CоV-2 seroprevalence among residents of Podolsk district in Moscow Region during the COVID-19 epidemic period. Methods. The study was conducted between February and July 2022. Study participants were 312 volunteers from Podolsk city Moscow Region aged 6 – 80 years. A total of 312 volunteers were ranged in to five groups depending on a COVID-status (CoV-ST): group 1 – non-vaccinated-recovered, nV-Recover, 106 people; group 2 – vaccinated-non-contact, V-nC, 32 people; group 3 – recovered-then vaccinated (hybrid), R-V (hybrid), 104 people; group 4 – vaccinated-then contacted-recovered, V-R, 68 people; group 5 – non-vaccinated-non-contact, V-nC, 2 people. The amount of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was measured with an quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for human blood serum tests for detecting a specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to RBD S-protein SARS-CoV-2 (anti-IgG RBD S-protein SARS-CoV-2) with resulting a BAU “binding antibody units”. The statistical processed an GraphPad Prism software (version 8.0.1) and Excel statistical package Microsoft? Excel? for Microsoft 365 MSO (verse 2201 16.0.14827.20158). The Pearson’s rank correlation coefficient of parametric measure, descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon test for non-parametric statistics have been performed. Results. While two (2/312 = 1 %) serum samples from volunteers of group 5 were negative in anti-IgG to RBD S-protein SARS-CoV-2, the three hundred ten (310/312 = 99 %) serum samples from volunteers of group 1 – 4 were positive demonstrating the level of anti-IgG to RBD S-protein SARS-CoV-2 from 19.3 to 42.510 BAU/ml (in average 3.827 BAU/ml, median 1.990 BAU/ml, р < 0.0001). The proportion of total structure of seroprevalence which presented by 89.7 % (278/310 = 89.7 %), 65.8 % (204/310 = 65.8 %) and 55.5 % (172/310 = 55.5 %) cases respectively was introduced by ill-induced, vaccine-induced, and mixed seroprevalences from groups 1, 3 and 4; 2, 3 and 4; 3 and 4 respectively. Blood serum from 87 (87/104 = 28.1 %) seropositive volunteers of group 3 presented by level of IgG antibodies to RBD S-protein SARS-CoV-2 ranged from 500 to 42.510 BAU/ml as well as a direct-moderate correlation between COVID-19-confirmation and volunteer’s history was noted (r = 0.4, р < 0.0001). Conclusion. A high, a highest and hyperimmune response to SARS-CoV-2 which was prevailed in volunteers with CoV-ST R-V (hybrid) and was detected from 500 to > 26.000 BAU/ml reaching a maximum of 42.510 BAU/ml. These data can reflect a high level of seroconversion among a particular district of Moscow region. In groups 1 – 4 were not diagnostic significance between factors such as gender, age, severity of disease, fact and vaccination shots, vaccine manufacturing technology, time elapsed since disease and level of protective antibodies due to poorly direct or inverse correlation (r = – 0.3, p < 0.0001; r = – 0.2, p < 0.0001; r = 0.3, p < 0.0001).
