Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. Pharmacy

Scientific and practical quarterly peer-reviewed journal

ISSN 2712-9330 (Online)

Details
Hits: 615

Aim. To analyze the relationship between semiological diagnosis and SSC (sperm sediment cytology)-bacteriospermia (SSC-mB “+”) in infertile male.
Results. 162 men (162; 30.62 %) with various combinations of semiological diagnoses were presented by SSC-mB “+”. According to investigation, SSC-mB “+” has a relationship with pathospermia. Mostly, the combinations of semiological diagnoses like agglutination, dyskinesia, asthenozoospermia, necrozoospermia, oligostenozoteratozoospermia and viscosipathy are attended SSC-mB “+”. The combinations of semiological diagnoses like pyospermia, oligoastenozoospermia, hemospermia less often are atttended SSC-mB “+”. Semiological diagnoses of oligospermia, azooospermia, cryptozoospermia and normozoospermia most are not attended SSC-mB “+”. If oligoastenotheratozoospermia, oligoastenozoospermia, viscosipathy, pyospermia, and agglutination are presented there is a high probability of SSC-mB “+”. If necrozoospermia is presented there is a low probability of SSC-mB “+”. If asthenozoospermia, dyskinesia, cryptozoospermia, azoospermia, hemospermia, and oligospermia are presented the assumption of SSC-mB “+” is unlikely.
Conclusion. The data can provide the attending physician with evidence-based information about the relationship between SSC-mB “+” and semiological diagnoses that will support a correct interpretation the outcomes of easy-to-perform microscopic methods “Basic semen examination+SSC”-ROSE which can claim to be screening for detection of bacteriospermia.

Details
Hits: 599

Cytologic screening is only effective with adequate material. The Bethesda System (TBS), an international system for standardizing the results of cervical cytology, establishes criteria for adequacy. According to the TBS, a sample prepared by liquid-based cytology (LBC) can be classified as adequate if it contains not less than 5,000 squamous epithelial cells.
There are methods of manual assessment of the cellularity of cytological samples. However, the uniformity of cellular material distribution of LBC samples makes possible the application of automatic tools for assessing the adequacy of the material based on the cellularity criterion.
This paper compares the results of digital LBC samples adequacy assessment using the automated artificial neural network method Vision Cyto Pap and the manual assessment method.
Analysis of the results of counting squamous epithelial cells in 506 LBC samples showed a significant correlation (r = 0.93) between the automated and manual method. The high diagnostic parameters (sensitivity = 93.8 % and specificity = 99.2 %) of the automated Vision Cyto Pap method allow to conclude that the algorithms of such a tool can be used to determine the adequacy of the cytological material by the number of squamous epithelium cells with sufficient reliability.

Details
Hits: 699

Aim of the study. Assess the diagnostic capabilities of detecting microorganisms in the wild ejaculate and sediment ejaculate.
Materials and methods. 42 male volunteers were examined, aged 28 to 69, who were married and had children. Men applied for a preventive examination and to exclude asymptomatic male accessory gland infections. All patients had no active complaints characteristic of inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary tract. The study of the wild ejaculate and sediment ejaculate was performed by PCR real-time on DT-96 amplifiers (NPO DNA-Technology LLC, Russia) using the Androflor? test.
Results. The value of the total bacterial mass in the sediment of the ejaculate is not statistically significantly higher compared to the wild ejaculate (p > 0.05). Candida spp. was statistically significantly more common in semen sediment (p < 0.05). In the sediment of the ejaculate were more often identified Enterobacteriaceae spp. / Enterococcus spp., Haemophilus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Bacteroides spp. / Porphyromonas spp. / Prevotella spp. and Anaerococcus spp. (p > 0.05). In 11.9 % of observations, in the absence of bacteria in the wild ejaculate, microorganisms in low titers were identified in sediment ejaculate.
Conclusion. According to the data obtained, the performance of the biological sample of the ejaculate sediment is higher compared to the sample of the wild ejaculate. The proposed modification of the preanalytical laboratory stage of the PCR technique, namely the diagnosis of ejaculate sediment using PCR real-time with the Androflor? test, makes it possible to more accurately determine pathogens, including those persisting in the form of biofilms in male accessory gland, even at low concentrations.

Details
Hits: 1057

In this article, the purpose of the study was a comparative analysis of the parameters of the functional state of the body
of students under the systematic influence of moderate physical exertion of northern (Scandinavian) walking. The study included 85 second-year students of the Volga Research Medical University. To visualize the indicators of the state
of the body, the system of sports testing “MedicalSoft” was used. The functional status of the students' organism was studied before the start of Nordic (Scandinavian) walking classes, and after the completion of a two-month course of exposure to metered physical exertion. The analysis of the data obtained was carried out in accordance with the age standards that were formed by the developers of the equipment. It is established that systematic health-improving and training loads
favorably affect the state of the body of the subjects, increasing its adaptive capabilities, which is confirmed by dynamic changes in the values of integral indicators.

Details
Hits: 738

Rehabilitation, as a system of medical, psychological, socio-economic measures aimed at eliminating or possibly fully compensating for disabilities, is of great importance in the social protection of disabled people and the prevention of disability. In the article, based on the analysis of the cur-rent legislative and regulatory acts, scientific articles on the topic
of rehabilitation and our own research, it is shown that there is no proper correspondence between the theory of rehabilitation, regulations and the organization of the rehabilitation process in medical institutions. The authors have proposed
a number of ideas and activities that, in their opinion, should help in resolving existing inconsistencies and contradictions.

Details
Hits: 65
Background. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy demonstrates significant potential in oncology; however, its application in solid tumors, particularly ovarian cancer, is subject to several limitations. The development of novel T-lymphocyte vectors specific to tumor antigens necessitates a comprehensive preclinical assessment, including the study of the pharmacokinetic profile. Objective. To establish the key pharmacokinetic parameters of the developed CAR-T cell product (GM-TLP) designed for the therapy of CA125-expressing tumors. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on outbred mice and Chinchilla rabbits. The animals received a single intravenous injection of genetically modified T-lymphocytes, transfected with the CA125-specific plasmid, at a dose of $10^6$ cells per injection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed by the quantitative determination of plasmid DNA in the mononuclear cell fraction of the blood and homogenates of internal organs using real-time PCR (qPCR) over a period of 30 days post-administration. Results. It was found that the maximum concentration of plasmid DNA in the blood of animals is reached 30 minutes after injection. A rapid decrease in concentration was shown during the first day, followed by reaching a plateau (11.2 – 13 % of cmax in the period from 3 to 12 days. By the 30th day, the concentration was approaching the background values. Rapid distribution of GM-TLP into parenchymal organs was noted: maximum concentrations in the spleen (44.8 ± 8.98 pg/ml), liver (25.4 ± 4.56 pg/ml), lungs (18.9 ± 3.87 pg/ml) and thymus (12.3 ± 2.54 pg/ml) were also recorded after 30 minutes. The modified lymphocytes and plasmid DNA persisted in the studied tissues during the entire follow-up period (30 days). Conclusion. The obtained pharmacokinetic data confirm the ability of the developed CAR-T cell product for rapid distribution and sustained persistence in the body of experimental animals. This prolonged persistence is a critically important factor for ensuring a sustained antitumor effect. The established pharmacokinetic parameters provide a solid basis for the further development and optimization of the therapeutic strategy.

Details
Hits: 88
Introduction. The measurement of total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration in blood serum is widely used to stratify the severity of prostate cancer, using test systems from different manufacturers. Purpose. To evaluate the possibility of using a test system for enzyme immunoassay of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in blood and for urin. Materials and methods. The validation was performed using the standard addition method. Seven urine samples of men (30.6 ± 5.3 old) were analyzed. A control sample with a known PSA concentration was added to each sample in a ratio of 1:9 (v/v). Statistical analysis was carried out using StatTech v.4.8.11. Results. A high correlation was found between the expected and measured PSA concentrations (? = 0.991; p < 0.001), indicating the absence of matrix effects when using urine as a test material. No hook effect was detected. The differences between expected and measured concentrations were statistically insignificant (p = 0.803). Conclusion. The PSA-ELISA-BEST (T-8458) test system is suitable for determining total PSA not only in blood serum but also in urine. The results formed the basis of Rationalization Proposal No. 2863 (28 February 2024).

Details
Hits: 93
Complex processing of raw materials is a rational way to use the resources of medicinal plants. It was of interest to evaluate the expediency of using meal obtained after juice extraction from the grass of the common cuff, freshly harvested as a plant substance with the potential of a prebiotic. The purpose of this study was to study and evaluate the potential of bacteriotropic activity of common grass cuff meal. The chemical composition of meal samples contains flavonoids, tannins, polysaccharides, free amino acids and minerals capable of stimulating the growth and development of microorganisms. The stimulating effect of meal on the culture of lactobacilli is shown by a significant decrease in glucose levels in all samples compared with the control. The culture of lactobacilli reacted to the introduction of an infusion of grass meal into the nutrient medium by increasing the accumulation of biomass. It was found that all samples of the meal infusion have the property of inhibition with a pronounced dose-dependent effect on changing the luminescence level of the E.coli lum+ strain in the bioluminescence inhibition test when exposed for 4 hours. In the course of the research, the bacteriotropic properties of meal from grass cuffs have been identified, which determine its prospects for the correction and prevention of dysbiotic conditions by improving the functional potential of the human microbiota or farm animals and poultry. Within the framework of rational use of resources, it seems advisable to use meal as a plant substance with the potential of a prebiotic.

Details
Hits: 252

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the effect of progestogens on key components of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway in the endometrial mucosa in cases of non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia, in order to determine the pathogenetic role of this pathway and to predict treatment outcomes. Materials and Methods. A comprehensive examination was conducted on 19 patients with non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia before and after 3 months of conservative treatment with progestogens. Endometrial samples were obtained by dilatation and curettage or Pipelle biopsy. Results. The study revealed that progestogens suppress the upregulated expression of TGF-β observed in endometrial hyperplasia and modulate the altered expression of other components of the TGF-β-dependent signaling pathway, particularly SMAD proteins ( From the name of the Drosophila MAD gene (mothers against decapentaplegic) and the Caenorhabditis elegans SMA gene (small worm phenotype), restoring them to levels typical of normal endometrium. Conclusion. These findings confirm that components of the TGF-β signaling pathway are altered in endometrial hyperplasia and are sensitive to modulation by progestogen therapy. This opens new perspectives for the treatment of this condition and for the prevention of malignant transformation of the endometrial lining leading to endometrial carcinoma.

Details
Hits: 289
Introduction. The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has no downward trend and although it has stabilized in developed countries, it continues to increase in developing countries. The increase in the number of patients requires the development of new diagnostic methods. The aim of the study: to compare the results of a study of cellular atypia, namely, the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), using a traditional biochemical method and electrochemical method using original biochips. Materials and methods. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was studied in biopsies of patients with CRC (n = 8), which included a fragment of the colon mucosa and tumor tissue by electrochemical and photometric methods. Results. The median of alkaline phosphatase activity detection by electrochemical method using biochips in unchanged colon mucosa was 141.38 (107.5; 183.73) nA and was 2.52 times higher than the similar values in tumor tissue, which were 56.13 (40.5; 67) (p = 0.0008). Similar data were obtained from a photometric study of ALP activity in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate. A close correlation was established between the methods, Spearman's correlation coefficient was R = 0.899. Discussion and conclusions. Tumor transformation of colon mucosa epithelium is accompanied by a statistically significant decrease of alkaline phosphatase activity, regardless of the method used to register phosphatase activity. The uniformity and reliability of the decrease in ALP activity in colorectal cancer tumor tissue, detected using different methods, as well as the close correlation between the results obtained using the classical photometric study and the electrochemical method using nanotechnological biochips, indicate the possibility of using the latter for rapid, direct and inexpensive assessment of ALP activity in colorectal carcinoma biopsies.

Editor-in-chief

 

Zhanna Yu. Sapozhkova

Journal of the International  Cytology School and  Innovatory Medical School

Journal of the International  Cytology School and  Innovatory Medical School