Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. Pharmacy

Scientific and practical quarterly peer-reviewed journal

ISSN 2712-9330 (Online)

VOL 6, No. 2 (2026)

Published: 29 June 2026

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    Editorial Article

  • ‘LABCHECK’: TURNING ROUTINE TESTS INTO A PREDICTIVE MEDICINE TOOL

    Autors:

    Gimadiev R. R. , Supriago M. A.

    • Pages: 4-7
    • Views: 56

    Interview with Rinat Rashitovich Gimadiev, CEO of LABHAB, developer of the LabCheckap platform

    • Economics and Management in Medicine and Pharmacy

  • DEVELOPMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL INFORMATION ALGORITHMS FOR THE OVER-THE-COUNTER DISPENSING OF MEDICINES FOR HEPATOTROPIC THERAPY

    Autors: Aydova A. V. , Shakirova D. Kh. , Abdulhakov S. R. , Zaripova K. F. , Garaeva A. R.
    • Pages: 8-15
    • Views: 25
    The article discusses topical issues of hepatotropic therapy in the context of over-the-counter drug dispensing in the pharmacies of the Russian Federation. The risks associated with an increase in cases of self-medication with hepatoprotectors and choleretics, especially in chronic diseases of the liver and biliary tract, are analyzed. It is noted that hepatotropic therapy is of an auxiliary pathogenetic nature, does not replace etiotropic treatment and requires strict differentiation depending on the clinical situation. The lack of a universal hepatoprotector is emphasized: most drugs in this group have a limited evidence base, whereas ursodeoxycholic acid remains the only drug with a high level of evidence (level A–B) and belongs to prescription drugs. Due to the availability of medical information on the Internet and the active advertising of over-the-counter drugs, the role of a pharmacist in the prevention of unjustified use of hepatotropic drugs is increasing. Based on the synthesis of expert opinions and analysis of the regulatory framework, algorithms have been developed for pharmaceutical information to pharmacy visitors during the dispensing of hepatoprotectors and choleretics. The algorithms include the collection of medical history, assessment of indications and contraindications, information about the dosage regimen, possible adverse reactions and drug interactions, as well as recommendations for lifestyle correction and the need for medical monitoring. The conclusion is made about the undesirability of using hepatotropic drugs without a doctor's prescription. When requesting the selection of an over-the-counter drug, it is advisable for the pharmacist to focus on the developed algorithms and, if necessary, refer the patient to a specialist.

    • Original Articles

  • PERSONALIZATION IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF A MEDICAL UNIVERSITY: AN INTEGRATIVE VIEW OF A HIGHER EDUCATION TEACHER

    Autors: Konischeva E. V. , Oleynikova T. A. , Vasilenko T. D.
    • Pages: 25-32
    • Views: 38
    Higher medical education, despite some specificity of its organization, has always followed promising trends. Modern challenges inevitably transform the practice of educational interaction. The changes are related to the digital vector of transformations, the expansion of the technological component of the educational process, and the increased subjectivity of interaction actors. Rapidly changing circumstances place increasingly high demands on the teaching staff of universities, stimulating interest in the psychosomatic well-being of medical educators as a condition for effective adaptation to difficult-to-predict communication situations. The purpose of the study is to assess the state and prospects of personalizing the educational process at a medical university based on an integrative assessment of the teaching community. The results of the study made it possible to assess the significance of a personalized approach in training personnel in higher medical education, as well as to specify its risks. In conclusion, the statement is formulated about the significance of the psychosomatic well-being of medical educators in organizing personalized interactions, the indicators of which correlate with general, emotional, and volitional control.

  • DYNAMICS AND REGIONAL FEATURES OF PREFERENTIAL DRUG PROVISION FOR OUTPATIENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

    Autors: Azlyarova G. U. , Kosova I. V.
    • Pages: 33-40
    • Views: 31
    Introduction. This article presents the results of a retrospective analysis of preferential drug provision for outpatient patients in the Republic of Uzbekistan (RUz) over the period from 2021 to 2025. Based on reports from the Dori-Darmon pharmacy network, the dynamics of prescription dispensing and funding volumes were examined. The monitoring results revealed a decrease in the quantitative indicators of dispensed prescriptions alongside an increase in overall expenditures. This trend demonstrates a shift from an extensive to an intensive model of pharmaceutical provision. A significant increase in the average cost of a single preferential prescription was identified. The main financial burden within the system is associated with oncology, endocrinology, and hemodialysis services. Materials and methods. This paper describes the findings of the retrospective analysis conducted on the preferential provision of pharmaceuticals (referred to as ‘LO’) based on existing objective structural and statistical parameters for the years 2021 through 2025 in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The analysis examined the dynamics of issuing prescriptions; the volume of financial funding received from the state (in both material as well as monetary form); and the average total cost of prescriptions by region and type of disease (nosology). All data were obtained primarily from the Dori-Darmon JSC pharmacy chain's 2021 summary reports (the last available report at the time of conducting this research). Results. The report showed a significant decline in the number of prescriptions written over the five-year period – a decrease of 89,104 prescriptions in total during that same time frame. While this decrease occurred despite an increase in total costs from approximately $2,15 million in 2023 to $2,51 million in 2025, it is also notable that as there is now a shift from an extensive model of LO to an intensive model of LO. The average cost of 1 preferential prescription was dramatically increased from about $4,28 in 2021 to about $5,71 in 2025. The main factors driving these increases were the number of patients requiring hemodialysis; additionally, as more dollars have been made available for oncology treatment, those patients are now using prescription medications rather than hospital-based services. Conclusion. Currently, oncology, endocrinology and psychiatry account for the majority of the financial strain within the system. Nosologically and regional divergence creates the need for the introduction of new budget planning tools and to allocate expenditures appropriately.

  • THROMBIN GENERATION TEST AND D-DIMER ASSAY IN POST-COVID PATIENTS

    Autors: Khimina M. V. , Sirotkina O. V. , Karpova Y. I. , Zolotova E. A. , Vavilova T. V.
    • Pages: 41-49
    • Views: 63
    Introduction. Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) is associated with persistent dysfunction of the coagulation system, which is often latent and cannot be verified by standard coagulation tests. Therefore, adequate risk stratification requires a transition to integrated methods for assessing thrombin potential in combination with standard tests, which will allow personalization of antithrombotic prophylaxis strategies during the rehabilitation period in patients who have recovered from COVID-19. Aim. To evaluate the parameters of the thrombin generation test (TGT) and D-dimer level in patients with a history of COVID-19. Materials and methods. The study included 80 patients with a history of COVID-19, examined 6 months after recovery. At the time of the study, all patients were receiving clinically selected therapy according to their comorbidities. The control group consisted of 68 healthy individuals without cardiovascular diseases, thromboembolic complications, or a history of COVID-19 at the time of inclusion. In patients who had recovered from COVID-19 (6 months after recovery) and in control subjects, the thrombin generation test (TGT) was performed using an automatic Ceveron-alpha coagulometer, and D-dimer levels were measured using an ERBA ECL 412 coagulometer. Additionally, D-dimer levels were analyzed in patients during the acute phase of COVID-19. Results. Six months after COVID-19, patients showed a statistically significant decrease in thrombin generation test (TGT) values compared to the control group, primarily due to the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). No significant differences in any TGT parameters were found between patients who had severe and moderate forms of the disease. D-dimer levels six months after recovery were significantly higher than during the acute phase. Conclusion. The study confirms that post-COVID syndrome is associated with prolonged activation of the hemostatic system, characterized by an increase in D-dimer concentrations by the sixth month of observation compared to the acute phase of the disease. The absence of a statistically significant correlation between baseline and current values of this marker indicates the independent nature of delayed fibrinolytic impairments, likely due to persistent endothelial dysfunction rather than the severity of primary coagulopathy. At the same time, an integrated assessment of the hemostatic system using a thrombin generation test allows for the evaluation of the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy.

  • COMPARISON OF TIME COSTS FOR MANUAL AND AUTOMATED MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF EJACULATE

    Autors:

    Sosnin D. Yu. , Belkin A. N. , Kubarev O. G. , Kataev G. A. , Churilova A. S. , Falkov B. F. , Sapozhkov V. A.

    • Pages: 16-24
    • Views: 29

    Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) systems are currently widely used to evaluate human spermatozoa as an alternative method to traditional manual semen examination, which has several limitations. The introduction of digital microscopy with subsequent automatic artificial intelligence-based object recognition is considered as a promising direction in optimizing semen analysis. During this research study, 100 semen samples were examined with a consistent evaluation of sperm motility and morphology, DNA fragmentation, and the presence of leukocytes in each sample. Each sample was examined sequentially: first using the Vision Assist automatic scanning system and Vision Sperm software, then by manual microscopy. As a result of the study, data was obtained that using the Vision system allows for a faster and more standardized semen analysis: the average time spent on automated evaluation of semen was two times less compared to manual microscopy of semen. Thus, the use of Vision systems reduces the time for conducting semen analyses, standardizes them, increasing the efficiency of laboratories.

    • Clinical Case

  • PRIMARY MENINGEAL MELANOMATOSIS OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL MENINGES IN A CHILD: A CASE REPORT AND THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF CYTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION

    Autors: Leonova E. M. , Arakelyan L. O. , Nikolaeva T. V.
    • Pages: 50-56
    • Views: 28
    Meningeal melanomatosis is an extremely rare malignant melanocytic tumor of the central nervous system characterized by aggressive behavior and major diagnostic challenges. We present a case of a 7-year-old child with rapidly progressive neurological deterioration, including headache, vomiting, transient speech disturbance, seizures, impaired consciousness, and hydrocephalus. At the early stage, the clinical picture suggested meningoencephalitis or a demyelinating disorder; however, lack of response to anti-inflammatory and anti-infective treatment, progressive MRI changes in the brain and spinal cord, and detection of tumor cells in cerebrospinal fluid raised suspicion of meningeal neoplasia. The diagnosis was confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical examination of the biopsy specimen and by immunocytochemical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. This case highlights the diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid cytology in suspected neoplastic involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) meninges.

    • New Look from Clinical and Pharmaceutical Practice

  • SYSTEMATIZATION OF CYTOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN SEMEN SEDIMENT: A CATALOG AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

    Autors:

    Sapozhkova Z. Yu. , Supriago M. A.

    • Pages: 57-72
    • Views: 31

    Background. Sperm sediment cytology (SSC) can detect inflammatory, dysbiotic and infection associated alterations in male accessory glands, but the lack of standardized interpretation criteria limits its clinical application. Objective. To develop and systematize a catalog of cytological findings in semen sediment for unified interpretation in men with reproductive dysfunction. Materials and methods. Between 2019 and 2025, 1221 residual semen samples from men aged 18–56 years (after routine semen analysis) were examined at the International Cytology School & Innovatory Medical School. SSC was performed using conventional cytological methods with upgrade and standardization of preanalytical and analytical stages. Cytological findings were ranked and clinically interpreted. Results. Two groups of atypical cytological patterns were identified: nonspecific (types 1–8) and specific (types 9–14) epithelial and non epithelial cellular changes. A catalog comprising 14 finding types with clear quantitative thresholds was developed: leukocytes ≥3 per high power field (HPF), macrophages ≥2/HPF, epithelial desquamation ≥5/HPF, as well as morphological criteria for degenerative, inflammatory and infection associated changes. Specific findings included Trichomonas vaginalis, chlamydial inclusions, Candida spp., Leptothrix, human papillomavirus (HPV) associated alterations, and other viral and protozoan markers. Conclusion. The proposed catalog standardizes cytological examination of semen sediment, reduces inter observer variability, increases the diagnostic value of SSC in the comprehensive work up of male infertility, and provides a rationale for targeted molecular verification.
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