Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. Pharmacy

Scientific and practical quarterly peer-reviewed journal

 

ISSN 2712-9330 (Online)

VOL 3, No. 2 (2023)

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    Original Articles

  • THE BENEFITS FROM UPDATE LABORATORY PREANALYTICAL STAGE IN PCR ON THE WAY TO IDENTIFY OCCULT UROLOGICAL INFECTIONS IN MALE

    • Pages: 4-11
    • Views: 255
    Aim of the study. Assess the diagnostic capabilities of detecting microorganisms in the wild ejaculate and sediment ejaculate.
    Materials and methods. 42 male volunteers were examined, aged 28 to 69, who were married and had children. Men applied for a preventive examination and to exclude asymptomatic male accessory gland infections. All patients had no active complaints characteristic of inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary tract. The study of the wild ejaculate and sediment ejaculate was performed by PCR real-time on DT-96 amplifiers (NPO DNA-Technology LLC, Russia) using the Androflor? test.
    Results. The value of the total bacterial mass in the sediment of the ejaculate is not statistically significantly higher compared to the wild ejaculate (p > 0.05). Candida spp. was statistically significantly more common in semen sediment (p < 0.05). In the sediment of the ejaculate were more often identified Enterobacteriaceae spp. / Enterococcus spp., Haemophilus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Bacteroides spp. / Porphyromonas spp. / Prevotella spp. and Anaerococcus spp. (p > 0.05). In 11.9 % of observations, in the absence of bacteria in the wild ejaculate, microorganisms in low titers were identified in sediment ejaculate.
    Conclusion. According to the data obtained, the performance of the biological sample of the ejaculate sediment is higher compared to the sample of the wild ejaculate. The proposed modification of the preanalytical laboratory stage of the PCR technique, namely the diagnosis of ejaculate sediment using PCR real-time with the Androflor? test, makes it possible to more accurately determine pathogens, including those persisting in the form of biofilms in male accessory gland, even at low concentrations.
  • AUTOMATED COUNTING OF SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS IN LIQUID-BASED CYTOLOGY SAMPLES

    • Pages: 12-18
    • Views: 259
    Cytologic screening is only effective with adequate material. The Bethesda System (TBS), an international system for standardizing the results of cervical cytology, establishes criteria for adequacy. According to the TBS, a sample prepared by liquid-based cytology (LBC) can be classified as adequate if it contains not less than 5,000 squamous epithelial cells.
    There are methods of manual assessment of the cellularity of cytological samples. However, the uniformity of cellular material distribution of LBC samples makes possible the application of automatic tools for assessing the adequacy of the material based on the cellularity criterion.
    This paper compares the results of digital LBC samples adequacy assessment using the automated artificial neural network method Vision Cyto Pap and the manual assessment method.
    Analysis of the results of counting squamous epithelial cells in 506 LBC samples showed a significant correlation (r = 0.93) between the automated and manual method. The high diagnostic parameters (sensitivity = 93.8 % and specificity = 99.2 %) of the automated Vision Cyto Pap method allow to conclude that the algorithms of such a tool can be used to determine the adequacy of the cytological material by the number of squamous epithelium cells with sufficient reliability.
  • THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEMIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS AND SSC-BACTERIOSPERMIA IN INFERTILE MALE

    Autors: Davidova Z. Y.
    • Pages: 19-36
    • Views: 255
    Aim. To analyze the relationship between semiological diagnosis and SSC (sperm sediment cytology)-bacteriospermia (SSC-mB “+”) in infertile male.
    Results. 162 men (162; 30.62 %) with various combinations of semiological diagnoses were presented by SSC-mB “+”. According to investigation, SSC-mB “+” has a relationship with pathospermia. Mostly, the combinations of semiological diagnoses like agglutination, dyskinesia, asthenozoospermia, necrozoospermia, oligostenozoteratozoospermia and viscosipathy are attended SSC-mB “+”. The combinations of semiological diagnoses like pyospermia, oligoastenozoospermia, hemospermia less often are atttended SSC-mB “+”. Semiological diagnoses of oligospermia, azooospermia, cryptozoospermia and normozoospermia most are not attended SSC-mB “+”. If oligoastenotheratozoospermia, oligoastenozoospermia, viscosipathy, pyospermia, and agglutination are presented there is a high probability of SSC-mB “+”. If necrozoospermia is presented there is a low probability of SSC-mB “+”. If asthenozoospermia, dyskinesia, cryptozoospermia, azoospermia, hemospermia, and oligospermia are presented the assumption of SSC-mB “+” is unlikely.
    Conclusion. The data can provide the attending physician with evidence-based information about the relationship between SSC-mB “+” and semiological diagnoses that will support a correct interpretation the outcomes of easy-to-perform microscopic methods “Basic semen examination+SSC”-ROSE which can claim to be screening for detection of bacteriospermia.
  • Clinical Case

  • THE POTENTIAL FOR CYTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF MALIGNANT MELANOMA METASTASIS IN THE LUNG. CASE REPORT

    • Pages: 37-45
    • Views: 1025
    Cytology is known to be a highly effective method of diagnosis of lung metastases. The cytomorphological criteria for lung metastases of malignant melanoma are known and described in the literature, but are few in number and there are some objective difficulties in the differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma metastases of other lung lesions.
    This paper presents a clinical and morphological case of MM metastasis and demonstrates the high efficiency of the traditional (classical) cytological method in its diagnosis according to established the cytomorphological criteria, which complements the data from the literature.
    Introduction. Distant metastases of malignant neoplasms of various organs, including melanoma, are common in the bronchopulmonary system. Cytological examination as a minimally invasive and highly effective method has an important place in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma metastases in the lungs.
    Case Presentation. This article presents a clinical and morphological case of metastatic lung melanoma in a 73-year-old man. Cytological examination of fine needle biopsy samples was used to assess the lesion.
    Conclusion. This work demonstrates the high efficiency of the cytological method for the diagnosis of lung metastasis from malignant melanoma metastases. The cytomorphological changes established in the study are comparable to the data from the literature and complement them.
  • Review Articles

  • MECHANISMS OF EVACUATION OF THE HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS FROM THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN HIV-INFECTED PEOPLE

    • Pages: 46-59
    • Views: 277
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and related diseases are a major problem worldwide. The immune response to human papillomavirus infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) deserves special attention. HPV serves as an etiological agent and biological carcinogen for lesions and cancers associated with HPV. Currently, many possible mechanisms of escape of viruses from factors of innate and adaptive immunity are known. Despite the large amount of accumulated knowledge about the course of HIV and papillomavirus infections, early diagnosis and timely treatment of co-infected patients are difficult, which adversely affects their life prognosis. There is still a need to expand early methods for diagnosing papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected individuals and finding effective treatments.
  • History of Medicine and Pharmacy

  • HISTORY OF CLINICAL CYTOLOGY IN RUSSIA

    • Pages: 60-74
    • Views: 226
    Clinical cytology is a section of clinical morphological diagnostics that considers changes in cellular composition and allows to identify various pathological conditions of tissues and organs, as well as to conduct early diagnosis of precancerous changes, benign and malignant neoplasms. This is an actively developing branch of diagnostic medicine, closely related to the development of other fundamental disciplines (histology, pathophysiology, biochemistry, etc.), and due to the minimally invasive vector of morphological diagnostics and the high prevalence of infectious and oncological diseases in the population, this branch of medical science is becoming increasingly popular.
    In Russia, clinical cytology has developed within the framework of clinical laboratory medicine, which causes a different development process from Europe, the USA and other countries of the world (where cytopathology is a section of pathological anatomy or clinical pathology).