VOL 3, No. 3 (2023)

Novel insight about coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have been discussed. Recently, CoNS were considered commensal symbionts of the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals without clinical significance. Currently, CoNS are among the leading etiological agents of purulent-septic infections (PSI), including those that belong
to healthcare-associated infections (HAI).
The morphological and physiological characteristics of CoNS involved in the formation pathogenic potential are considered. The frequent presence of SCCmec chromosome cassettes in the CoNS genome determines the high level of their methicillin resistance which exceeds that of S.aureus.
In the conditions of high antibiotic pressure in the nosocomial environment, CoNS becomes a reservoir of resistance genes. The presence of unidentified types of use of SCCmec and the possibility of spreading mobile phenomena between CoNS and S.aureus causes clinical and epidemiological danger, the frequency of antibiotic use in HAI and an increased risk of pathogen circulation in the hospital environment.
The most frequent forms of HAI caused by individual representatives of the CoNS are presented. Vulnerable contingents for these infections are premature newborns and persons of any age with compromised immunity. The necessity of epidemiological control improving in the CoNS including local microbiological monitoring using modern molecular biological methods is justified.

Lung cancer (LC) occupies a leading place in the structure of morbidity and mortality among patients with cancer worldwide, which determines LC as an important medical and social problem for health systems.
LC is detected in more than two thirds of patients at a late stage, which determines the low success of therapy and low survival rates, and also actualizes the need to use effective methods (including morphological) for the diagnosis of LC in the early stages.
Due to the development of the minimally invasive vector of morphological diagnostics in recent decades, cytological examination of the material from the bronchopulmonary system is of leading importance, since it is characterized not only by low traumatism in obtaining cellular material, but also by high information content, cost-effectiveness, accessibility and speed of obtaining results. The effectiveness of cytological examination for the diagnosis of precancerous lesions and LC has been proven in numerous studies, and the importance and necessity of its use are reflected in the new edition of the WHO classification of tumors of thoracic localization (2021) and the WHO reporting system for lungs Cytopathology (2022).

According to WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen, sixth edition (2021) [1], there are a number of techniques available to measure ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and DFI levels in semen and each of them has its inherent limitations. According to WHO (2021), two methods for measuring ROS and DFI seems to be attractive due to reliability and simplifying of performance not only in laboratory conditions but also in point-of-care (POC) one. Russian technique utilizes Tetrazolium Nitroblue for measuring ROS which kit named ‘OxySperm (NBT-assay)’ and SCD-assay named ‘HaloSperm’ have been replicated and upgrade methods compared to WHO (2021) and another fundamental scientific papers. Both kits showed not only reproducible results compared with WHO (2021) but also have technological advantages over the previous described methods. This publication presents step-by-step operational procedures of novel Russian kits.