VOL 2, No. 3 (2022)

The availability of medical care to the population at the inpatient and outpatient stages is one of the priorities of the activities of the domestic healthcare system. Treatment of patients with wounds, ulcers, wound infection requires the availability of a drug resource, including both auxiliary and specific drug therapy. A significant number of patients with skin pathologies turn to medical and pharmaceutical organizations. Their treatment is a complex and differentiated process depending on the nature and origin of the wound, as well as the individual characteristics of the victim's body. Currently, there are drugs for the treatment of this pathology on the domestic pharmaceutical market, but the most important for drug therapy for skin injuries is group D – dermatological drugs, which is represented by 21 international nonproprietary names and 283 trade names.

The results of an epidemiological analysis of the incidence of meningococcal infection in the population of the Perm Region are presented. The analysis of the incidence of meningococcal infection taking into account the gender trait was carried out. The socio-age risk groups, the structure of clinical forms of meningococcal infection, serogroup characteristics of laboratory-confirmed cases, mortality from meningococcal infection were determined.

Most sexually transmitted infections (STIs) do not cause significant problems in the carrier, as a result the infection is transmitted easily to a sexual partner and may remain unrecognized with serious consequences for male reproductive health. Currently, the rapidest and most accurate method of STIs diagnosis is a molecular genetic analyses (MGA) for detection of DNA pathogens. The results of MGA do not depend on the cultural properties and morphological characteristics of the microorganism. Non-cultural methods based on a multiplex polymerase chain reaction in real time (PCR-RT) are becoming as a trend in modern laboratory medicine for identifying genes associated with antibiotic resistance.
This approach can reduce turnaround time (ТАТ) for the male health benefit in time.

Breast cancer is a very important problem affecting the female population worldwide. The immune system is a determining factor in the emergence, development, and progression of the tumor process. Its role is described by a concept such as immunоediting. Immunоediting implies that clinically relevant tumors have developed mechanisms to bypass immune control and cause the body to tolerate them. Understanding of the interaction between cancer cells and regulatory immune pathways should provide the basis for effective immunotherapy for breast cancer.

Objectives. To evaluate the sperm chromatin dispersion in men with infertility using the first Russian kit.
Methods. The study was conducted between July and August 2022. Study participants were 492 male volunteers aged 23 to 59 years with infertility which semen samples were examined by GEMSTANDART–HaloSperm L&Q kit so-called
Halo test. The outcomes were as a percentage as the sperm DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI), %. The results of Halo test were evaluated according to the following threshold values: in reference range (normal): DFI ? 15 %, controversial result: from DFI > 15 % to < 25 %, out of reference range (pathological) DFI > 25 %. All of men (n = 492) had the results of a basic semen examination which performed a month before the current clinical trials with a various scenario of pathospermia as well as normospermia. The statistical processed a GraphPad Prism software (version 8.0.1) and Excel statistical package Microsoft? Excel? for Microsoft 365 MSO (verse 2201 16.0.14827.20158). The Pearson’s rank correlation coefficient of parametric measure and descriptive statistics have been applied.
Results. Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) was not detected in 54.1 % (266/492 = 54.1 %) men whose average age was 36.58 years (DFI ? 15 %); a poor direct correlation with normal level of DFI and asthenozoospermia (r = 0.20; p < 0.0001), viscosipathy (r = 0.13; p < 0.0001) are presented; a poor inverse correlation with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (r = – 0.12; p < 0.0001) are presented; the absence of leucospermia was noted.
A controversial results for SDF presence was found in 21.3 % (105/492 = 21.3 %) men whose average age was 38.71 years (DFI range from > 15 to < 25 %); a poor direct correlation with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (r = 0.24; p < 0.0001), oligospermia (r = 0.23; p < 0.0001) and average age of 39 years (r = 0.17; p < 0.0001) was noted; poor inverse correlation with asthenozoospermia (r = – 0.22; p < 0.0001) was presented.
SDF was found in 24.6 % (121/492 = 24.6 %) men whose average age was 41.55 (DFI > 25 %); poor direct correlation with a high level of DFI and average age for infertile men in 44 years (r = 0.28; p < 0.0001) was presented.
All semen samples (n = 492) presented a poor positive correlation with DFI and age (r = 0.1563; p = 0.0005); oliasthenoterato-zoospermia (r = 0.19; p = 0.0001), leucospemia (r = 0.29; p = 0.0001), and necrozoospermia (r = 0.16; p = 0.0004).
Conclusion. The results of the study showed that GEMSTANDART–HaloSperm L&Q kit complements a basic semen examination providing specific information to the clinicians about quality of genetic material in semen samples.

The paper refers the outcomes of international research in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). It is necessary to emphasize the pathophysiological mechanisms of PASC in PCR-negative patients recovered from COVID-19: long-persistent hyperactivated congenital immunity, hyper-inflammation, hyper-coagulation, hypo-fibrinolysis, micro-thrombosis, antibodies formation, and multiplе human organ dysfunction. The challenges as well as possibilities in laboratory diagnostics of PASC complication have been noted.