Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. Pharmacy

Scientific and practical quarterly peer-reviewed journal

 

ISSN 2712-9330 (Online)

VOL 2, No. 1 (2022)

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    Original Articles

  • THE ESTIMATION OF NATURAL AND VACCINE-INDUCED IMMUNITY FOR PROTECTION OF NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION IN PERSONS WHO HAVE CONTACT WITH COVID-19. CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS

    • Pages: 4-16
    • Views: 352
    Objectives. The aim of the study was to estimate the protection level by anti-IgG to RBD S-protein of the SARS-CoV-2 delivered from natural and vaccine-induced immunity in persons who have contact with COVID-19.
    Methods. Fourteen (14) persons presented a lab medical stuff and their relatives aged 19-72 years with several COVID-status (CoV-ST) who had contact with COVID-19 the last 10 days before blood collection was underwent to clinical trials.
    The CoV-ST presented by 1) non-vaccinated, recovered, nV-Recover; 2) unvaccinated, non-contact, V-nC; 3) recovered and then vaccinated (hybrid), R-V (hybrid); 4) vaccinated and then infected and recovered, V-R; 5) vaccinated, now ill, |V-Ill; 6) non-vaccinated, now ill, nV-Ill. Quantitative ELISA was conducted by anti-IgG RBD S-protein SARS-CoV-2 kit in blood serum with resulting in BAU “binding antibody units” (First WHO International Standart for anti-SARS-CoV immunoglobulin (human), NIBSC code: 20/136). The estimation was performed according manual for kit and immunoassay analyser in optical density of solutions at one main wavelength of 405 nm. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of nonparametric measure was used due to small numerous of cohort. Statistical analyses was calculated with GraphPad Prism 8.0.1 and Microsoft? Excel? for Microsoft 365 MSO (verse 2201 16.0.14827.20158) programs.
    Results. All fourteen (14) persons who had contact with COVID-19 was immunized. Three (3) female persons aged less than 30 years had anti-IgG RBD S-protein SARS-CoV-2 in diapason from 19.2 till 230.1 BAU/mL which was infected and got ill with might-to-moderate symptoms of COVID-19 (f,34 nV-Recover; f,33 nV-Ill; f,22 V-Ill). Eleven (11) persons which was not infected and got ill 1) six (6) with R-V (hybrid) and vector technology vaccine had anti-IgG < 500 BAU/ml; 2) eight (8) persons, seven (7) of them with R-V (hybrid), vector and mRNA-technology vaccines had anti-IgG >500 BAU/ml; 3) four (4) persons with R-V (hybrid), one (1) of them had a vector technology vaccine, three (3) of them had an mRNA technology vaccine had anti-IgG > 5000 BAU/ml; 4) the highest concentration of specific anti-IgG 50,000 BAU/ml was detected in 19-year-old men with R-V (hybrid) and mRNA technology vaccine.
    Conclusion. Direct moderate and moderate inverse correlation was noted between many factors which can determine an adaptive human immunity. The observe study showed a rapid immune response to neutralization of viruses in medical stuff and their relatives who had closest contact with COVID-19, aged 19 to 50 years and who previously was ill and subsequently was vaccinated triply by vector vaccine or previously was ill and then was vaccinated twice by mRNA vaccine.
  • Clinical Case

  • A CASE OF ANEMIA OF MIXED GENESIS WITH A DISCREPANCY IN THE RESULTS BETWEEN THE 3-DIFF HEMATOLOGICAL ANALYZER AND LIGHT MICROSCOPY

    • Pages: 17-32
    • Views: 396

    A case of severe anemia of mixed genesis is presented. The clinical picture of the disease is described, the data of laboratory investigations are given. The interest of this case for attending physicians and employees of clinical diagnostic laboratories (CDL) is due to significant discrepancies between the results of blood analysis according to automatic analysis performed using a hematology analyzer and the data of light microscopy of a stained blood smear. Various morphological changes were found in the stained blood smear, which contradicted relatively normal erythrocyte parameters (MСV, MСН, RDW) and the absence of any flags according to the hematological analyzer.
    The problems of using hematological analyzer data as a basis for differential diagnosis of anemia with various disorders of erythrocyte and leukocyte morphology, especially when using artificial intelligence for decision-making, are discussed.

  • DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT OF GASTRIC GIST BY THE FINE NEEDLE BIOPSY MATERIAL. CLINICAL CASE

    • Pages: 33-39
    • Views: 391

    GISTs are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the stomach, however, they are rare among all tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. In this clinical case, the use of an integrated approach in the morphological diagnosis of gastric GIST based on fine needle biopsy material was demonstrated.

  • Abstract Reviews

  • THE STATUS OF HPV TESTING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CERVICAL CANCER AND HEAD AND NECK TUMORS: EXCHANGE OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

    • Pages: 40-55
    • Views: 340
    Eastern Europe and Russia belong to regions with a high level of HPV infection – about 22 % of the population are infected, while there is an uneven distribution of virus species by region and social groups. The most common oncological diseases diagnosed together with HPV are anal cancer – 80 %, vaginal cancer – 70 %, oral and pharyngeal cancer – 30 %, penile cancer – 50 %. Using the example of foreign experience in the diagnosis of cervical cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, the role of various laboratory methods and their combinations in the diagnostic search for human papillomavirus of high carcinogenic risk is shown. The review presents diagnostic capabilities of genotyping, immunocytochemical staining of p16/Ki-67 markers, DNA methylation methods, in situ hybridization on cell blocks, molecular methods of nucleic acid amplification, as well as an express method for determining oncoprotein E6.
  • Review Articles

  • WORLD PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET: TRENDWATCHING

    • Pages: 56-68
    • Views: 400
    At present, the importance of the pharmaceutical sector of the economy has increased significantly in public perception. This review provides up-to-date information at the beginning of 2022 on the main trends in the global pharmaceutical market. Among the current trends are: the key role of pharmaceuticals in the fight against the SARS-Covid-19 pandemic, the problems of a latent pandemic of drug-resistant infections, the high cost of new drugs and an increase in the market share of cheap biosimilars, the expansion of cooperation between developers of new drugs and vaccines, features in changes in the structure pharmaceutical companies, expanding opportunities in the retail pharmaceutical market, analysts? opinions on market prospects for the next 5 years. Materials from open sources were used: industry and business media, websites of pharmaceutical companies and non-profit organizations, WHO publications and scientific publications.
  • PHARMACEUTICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES OF PRODUCTION AND THE USE OF INFUSIONS IN ANESTHESIOLOGY (FOR EXAMPLE, CARDIOPLEGIC SOLUTIONS)

    • Pages: 69-76
    • Views: 404
    The use of various infusion solutions in anesthesiology and intensive care involves certain risks due to the complexity of the supervised cases and the uniqueness of the interventions. Nevertheless, today reliable principles and approaches have been developed at the state level to minimize the threats associated with the quality of infusion solutions. These include the requirements for mandatory registration of all new combined solutions, including those made from already known components, as well as the rules for the production of sterile infusions according to the standard of good manufacturing practice (GMP – good manufacturing practice). Mandatory compliance with these requirements is a guarantee of the safety of infusion therapy from the standpoint of the quality of the infusion solution that is injected into the patient?s body.
    On the example of cardioplegic solutions, the safety problems and contradictions in the existing system of providing high-tech field of medicine – cardiac surgery are shown.