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• VOL 6, No. 1 (2026)

Azo compounds, or aniline dyes, have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. This has led to their widespread use in agriculture to protect crops, as well as in industrial processes and technologies to protect various materials (plastics, wood, rubber, etc.) from microbial attack. At the same time, the use of azo dyes in medicine is limited by their high toxicity and potential carcinogenicity. Resistance to azo dyes develops extremely slowly in clinical strains of bacteria and fungi due to their limited exposure to these compounds. Consequently, the sensitivity values of microbial cultures to azo dyes will remain stable over a long period of time. It has been established that strains of the same species are characterized by marked heterogeneity in their sensitivity to azo dyes. These stable characteristics of bacterial and fungal strains are required for conducting epidemiological analysis, using them as phenotypic epidemiological markers. Repeated isolation of cultures with similar indicators from objects in the nosocomial environment can be regarded as evidence of microorganisms’ circulation in the nosocomial environment, which is considered one of the main signs of nosocomial (hospital) strains.

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• VOL 3, No. 3 (2023)

According to WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen, sixth edition (2021) [1], there are a number of techniques available to measure ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and DFI levels in semen and each of them has its inherent limitations. According to WHO (2021), two methods for measuring ROS and DFI seems to be attractive due to reliability and simplifying of performance not only in laboratory conditions but also in point-of-care (POC) one. Russian technique utilizes Tetrazolium Nitroblue for measuring ROS which kit named ‘OxySperm (NBT-assay)’ and SCD-assay named ‘HaloSperm’ have been replicated and upgrade methods compared to WHO (2021) and another fundamental scientific papers. Both kits showed not only reproducible results compared with WHO (2021) but also have technological advantages over the previous described methods. This publication presents step-by-step operational procedures of novel Russian kits.