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Abstract: Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, causing chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. Recent studies highlight the significant role of macroautophagy in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, although the mechanisms underlying the changes in basal autophagy levels in endometriotic lesions remain insufficiently understood. Macroautophagy is a vital cellular process for renewing and recycling damaged organelles and proteins, involving key structures like autophagosomes and lysosomes.
Research indicates that autophagy levels in the endometrium vary depending on the menstrual cycle phase, with the most pronounced induction occurring during the secretory phase. In endometriosis, both eutopic endometrium and endometriotic lesions show reduced basal autophagy levels, though there are conflicting findings. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which is associated with autophagy, plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation in endometriosis. Additionally, autophagy influences apoptosis, cell adhesion, and interactions with estrogens, making it a key element in understanding the pathogenesis of endometriosis and a potential target for therapeutic interventions.
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Lesions of lymphoid and hematopoietic tissue are the leading cause of mortality in young population among all malignant entities. To support the patients it should provide timely a reliable verification, which is the task of pathology service. Along with increasing of morbidity and mortality from malignant entities also the burden on pathologists is increasing. High work-flow on physicians combined with lack staffing remain urgent problems in healthcare. Currently, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to laboratory practice plays a crucial role in medicine. The application of software with generative pre-trained model can support a pathologist in the interpretation of histological pattern and diagnosis of lymphatic system tumor in both surgical and biopsy samples. Diagnostic decision support improves a quality and accuracy of diagnosis and optimize the work process. Abstract review provides an analysis of recent scientific studies investigating the potential use of AI in the diagnosis of malignant entities of lymphoid and hematopoietic tissue.
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Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) remains a widespread disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations, as well as an unpredictable response to treatment. The etiology of CP/CPPS is probably multifactorial,
and confirmation of the role of infection in its development remains a difficult and debatable problem. Application of novel research methods, including mass spectrometry of microbial markers makes it possible to identify and quantify bacteria of various groups, including anaerobes, viruses, fungi, and minimize sampling requirements. The presence of certain microorganisms and an increased total number of them in patients with CP/CPPS, compared with healthy people, indicates a possible association of infection with prostatitis and requires further study of this problem in order to obtain more reliable results.
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Current review is devoted to testicular prostheses. The authors have been studied the experience of prostheses usability from 1940 to the present. The study shows some information of adverse effect and implants tolerability. The crucial point of paper is a future prospects of testicular implantation.
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Lung cancer (LC) is a widespread malignancy diseases that occupies a leading position in the structure of morbidity and mortality among cancer patients worldwide. It is characterized by detectability at late clinical stages and an unfavorable prognosis. Primarily, the diagnosis of LC is based on the results of morphological methods. Cytological examination takes a key position in general morphology examination due to a highly informativeness and minimally invasiveness.
The cytological method of LC diagnosis has proven itself for several decades as highly informative and economical, fitting into the modern strategy of minimally invasive diagnostic procedures. A whole spectrum of samples is applicated for cytological examination for LC diagnosis the characteristics of which are presented in this review.
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Lung cancer, being one of the leading causes of mortality among cancer patients, is a global medical and social problem. The number of studies devoted to the etiology, molecular pathology and methods of early detection of lung neoplasms has been steadily increasing. Recently, the great efforts are made to search for alternative methods of diagnosis, therapy and prevention of neoplasms of the respiratory system. So the study of the influence of the quantitative and qualitative microbiome characteristics on the growth and tumor development has become increasingly relevant. This review is devoted to the association between the composition of the pulmonary microbiome and the development of malignant neoplasms of the lungs. We used the analysis of the available literature data to perform this review.
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The paper refers the outcomes of international research in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). It is necessary to emphasize the pathophysiological mechanisms of PASC in PCR-negative patients recovered from COVID-19: long-persistent hyperactivated congenital immunity, hyper-inflammation, hyper-coagulation, hypo-fibrinolysis, micro-thrombosis, antibodies formation, and multiplе human organ dysfunction. The challenges as well as possibilities in laboratory diagnostics of PASC complication have been noted.
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Eastern Europe and Russia belong to regions with a high level of HPV infection – about 22 % of the population are infected, while there is an uneven distribution of virus species by region and social groups. The most common oncological diseases diagnosed together with HPV are anal cancer – 80 %, vaginal cancer – 70 %, oral and pharyngeal cancer – 30 %, penile cancer – 50 %. Using the example of foreign experience in the diagnosis of cervical cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, the role of various laboratory methods and their combinations in the diagnostic search for human papillomavirus of high carcinogenic risk is shown. The review presents diagnostic capabilities of genotyping, immunocytochemical staining of p16/Ki-67 markers, DNA methylation methods, in situ hybridization on cell blocks, molecular methods of nucleic acid amplification, as well as an express method for determining oncoprotein E6.
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The brief review dealing with risks of the development of renal complications in patients with COVID-19, peculiarities of acute kidney injury development in patients with coronavirus. The special attention is given to the mechanisms of the direct infection of kidney by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and to the biomarkers for differential diagnostics of glomerular and tubular dysfunction in patients with COVID-19..
